IGCSE · Practice questions · Animal, plant and bacterial cells

Name it, then say what it does.

Six original Cambridge-style questions on cell structure: comparing plant and animal cells, the bacterial cell, the functions of each structure and reading cell diagrams.

Original questions All questions on this page are original work, written in the Cambridge IGCSE style. They are not from past papers. They test the same concepts and skills the syllabus rewards.
Keep these straight

Shared parts first, extras second.

01
Recall
[3 marks]

State three structures found in a palisade mesophyll cell that are not found in a cheek cell.

  • Cell wall (made of cellulose). ✓
  • Chloroplasts. ✓
  • Large permanent vacuole (containing cell sap). ✓
02
Recall
[4 marks]

State the function of (a) the cell membrane, (b) the nucleus, (c) the ribosomes, (d) the chloroplasts.

  • (a) Controls which substances enter and leave the cell. ✓
  • (b) Contains the genetic material (chromosomes / DNA) that controls the activities of the cell. ✓
  • (c) Protein synthesis: proteins are made there. ✓
  • (d) Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. ✓
03
Explain
[3 marks]

Describe three ways in which the structure of a bacterial cell is different from the structure of an animal cell.

  • A bacterial cell has a cell wall; an animal cell does not. ✓
  • A bacterial cell has no nucleus; its DNA is a single circular loop free in the cytoplasm. ✓
  • A bacterial cell may contain plasmids (small rings of DNA); it has no mitochondria. ✓
04
Analysis
[2 marks]

A student looks at cells from the root of a bean plant under a light microscope. She sees a cell wall and a large vacuole but no chloroplasts. She concludes that the cells are not plant cells. Explain why her conclusion is wrong.

  • The cell wall and the large (permanent) vacuole show that they are plant cells. ✓
  • Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells in parts exposed to light; roots are underground, so their cells have none. ✓
05
Data
[3 marks]

A diagram of a leaf cell shows a thick outer layer, a large clear central space, a round darkly stained body pressed against one side and many small green oval bodies. Name the structures described.

  • Thick outer layer: cell wall. ✓
  • Large clear central space: (permanent) vacuole; round darkly stained body: nucleus. ✓
  • Small green oval bodies: chloroplasts. ✓
06
Explain
[2 marks]

A palisade mesophyll cell contains both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Explain why it needs both.

  • Chloroplasts absorb light energy for photosynthesis, to make food. ✓
  • Mitochondria are where aerobic respiration releases energy; all living cells respire all the time, including in the dark. ✓

Mark this once you have attempted all six and checked your working. It records a Practiced badge on the topic and adds a one-time bonus. Revealing the solutions alone does not count.