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0610 IGCSE Biology/Topic 19 Organisms and their environment/7 interactive simulations/drag to rotate the 3D models

Ecology, made interactive

Seven 3D simulations covering Topic 19.1 Energy flow, 19.2 Food chains and food webs, 19.3 Nutrient cycles and 19.4 Populations. Follow energy and atoms through ecosystems, build pyramids and grow a population. Tabs marked Extended cover the Supplement.

1. Energy flow 3D · 19.1

The Sun is the main source of energy for living things. Follow packets of energy from sunlight into a plant, along a food chain, and out to the environment as heat.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Energy

2. Food chains and food webs 3D · 19.2

Arrows show the direction energy flows: from the organism eaten to the organism that eats it. Click an organism to see its role, then see what happens when humans interfere.

click an organism · drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Organism

3. Ecological pyramids 3D · 19.2

Each block is one trophic level, with the producers at the bottom. Compare a pyramid of numbers, of biomass and (Extended) of energy for two food chains.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Pyramid

4. Why energy transfer is inefficient 3D · 19.2Extended

Only a small fraction of the energy at one trophic level ends up in the next. Feed the same crop to people directly, or to cattle first, and compare.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Route

REACHES HUMANS
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PEOPLE FED (RELATIVE)
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5. The carbon cycle 3D · 19.3

Carbon moves between the air, living things and fossil fuels. Watch carbon atoms (black dots) travel along each process, or pick one process to follow.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Process

6. The nitrogen cycle 3D · 19.3Extended

Living things need nitrogen to make proteins, but most of it is nitrogen gas, which plants cannot use. Microorganisms do most of the work. Pick a process to follow.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Process

7. Population growth 3D · 19.4

Yeast cells are added to a flask of sugar solution. With limited resources the population follows a sigmoid curve. Run it, and change the conditions.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Flask

PHASE
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POPULATION
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Built for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610, Topic 19. Models are simplified and not to scale; numbers in the pyramids and energy transfers are typical values.

About this lab: Organisms and their environment

Seven interactive 3D simulations for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 topic 19 Organisms and their environment: energy flow from the Sun through a food chain, a clickable food web with overharvesting and an introduced species, pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy, why energy transfer is inefficient and why eating crops is more efficient than eating livestock, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the sigmoid growth curve of a yeast population.

Seven 3D simulations covering Topic 19.1 Energy flow, 19.2 Food chains and food webs, 19.3 Nutrient cycles and 19.4 Populations. Follow energy and atoms through ecosystems, build pyramids and grow a population. Tabs marked Extended cover the Supplement.

Organisms and their environment is a free, browser-based simulation for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (topic 19 Organisms and their environment). The course is assessed in Paper 1/2 (Multiple choice), Paper 3/4 (Theory), Paper 5 (Practical Test), Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical). Syllabus for examination in 2026-2028. There are 7 tabs, each a self-contained experiment with its own controls and live readings, and nothing to install: it runs on a laptop, tablet or classroom projector.

Syllabus coverage

Full syllabus map: IGCSE Biology 0610 topic 19.

How to use this simulation

  1. 1. Energy flow. The Sun is the main source of energy for living things.
  2. 2. Food chains and food webs. Arrows show the direction energy flows: from the organism eaten to the organism that eats it.
  3. 3. Ecological pyramids. Each block is one trophic level, with the producers at the bottom.
  4. 4. Why energy transfer is inefficient. Only a small fraction of the energy at one trophic level ends up in the next.
  5. 5. The carbon cycle. Carbon moves between the air, living things and fossil fuels.
  6. 6. The nitrogen cycle. Living things need nitrogen to make proteins, but most of it is nitrogen gas, which plants cannot use.
  7. 7. Population growth. Yeast cells are added to a flask of sugar solution.
  8. The buttons at the end of the tab strip give the scene the whole window (Full screen, Hide controls) and, on a dark stage, a projector-friendly palette (Light scene). Many scenes also have drag handles: drag them to change the set-up directly.

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