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0610 IGCSE Biology/Topic 13 Excretion in humans/4 interactive simulations/drag to rotate the 3D models

Excretion, made interactive

Four 3D simulations covering Topic 13 Excretion in humans: the excretory organs, the kidney, the nephron and the role of the liver. Tabs marked Extended cover the Supplement.

1. Excretion 3D · 13.1

Excretion is the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess. Carbon dioxide from respiration is excreted through the lungs. The kidneys excrete urea and excess water and ions in urine, which passes down the ureters to the bladder and leaves through the urethra.

click an organ · drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Organs

2. Inside a kidney 3D · 13.1Extended

Cut a kidney in half and you can see two regions: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. Each kidney contains about a million tiny tubes called nephrons, which start in the cortex and run down into the medulla.

click a region · drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Parts

3. The nephron 3D · 13.1Extended

In the glomerulus, high-pressure blood is filtered: water, glucose, urea and ions pass into the nephron, while blood cells and proteins stay in the blood. As the filtrate flows along the nephron, useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood. What is left is urine.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Flow

waterglucoseureaionsproteinblood cell

4. The liver, amino acids and urea 3D · 13.1Extended

Amino acids absorbed from the gut go to the liver. Some are assimilated: joined into proteins the body needs. The body cannot store the excess, so the liver removes their nitrogen-containing part, deamination, turning it into urea, which the kidneys excrete.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Diet

MADE INTO PROTEIN
0
DEAMINATED TO UREA
0
Built for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610, Topic 13 Excretion in humans. Models are simplified and not to scale; the proportions reabsorbed are illustrative.

About this lab: Excretion

Four interactive 3D simulations for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 topic 13 Excretion in humans: the lungs, kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra with urine and carbon dioxide leaving the body, a kidney cut in half showing cortex, medulla and pelvis, a nephron filtering blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbing glucose, water and ions with live counts, and the liver assimilating amino acids into proteins and deaminating the excess to urea.

Four 3D simulations covering Topic 13 Excretion in humans: the excretory organs, the kidney, the nephron and the role of the liver. Tabs marked Extended cover the Supplement.

Excretion is a free, browser-based simulation for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (topic 13 Excretion in humans). The course is assessed in Paper 1/2 (Multiple choice), Paper 3/4 (Theory), Paper 5 (Practical Test), Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical). Syllabus for examination in 2026-2028. There are 4 tabs, each a self-contained experiment with its own controls and live readings, and nothing to install: it runs on a laptop, tablet or classroom projector.

Syllabus coverage

Full syllabus map: IGCSE Biology 0610 topic 13.

How to use this simulation

  1. 1. Excretion. Excretion is the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess.
  2. 2. Inside a kidney. Cut a kidney in half and you can see two regions: the outer cortex and the inner medulla.
  3. 3. The nephron. In the glomerulus, high-pressure blood is filtered: water, glucose, urea and ions pass into the nephron, while blood...
  4. 4. The liver, amino acids and urea. Amino acids absorbed from the gut go to the liver.
  5. The buttons at the end of the tab strip give the scene the whole window (Full screen, Hide controls) and, on a dark stage, a projector-friendly palette (Light scene). Many scenes also have drag handles: drag them to change the set-up directly.

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