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0610 IGCSE Biology/Topic 17 Inheritance: monohybrid inheritance/6 interactive simulations/drag to rotate the 3D models

Monohybrid inheritance, made interactive

Six 3D simulations covering Topic 17.4 Monohybrid inheritance. Build Punnett squares, breed pea plants through two generations, work out genotypes in a family tree, solve a test cross, and follow blood groups and colour blindness. Tabs marked Extended cover the Supplement.

1. Monohybrid crosses and Punnett squares 3D · 17.4

In pea plants the allele for tall (T) is dominant and the allele for dwarf (t) is recessive. Pick the genotype of each parent, make the cross, then grow a large number of seeds to test the predicted ratio.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Parents

GENOTYPES
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PHENOTYPE RATIO
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200 SEEDS
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2. Pure-breeding and the 3 : 1 ratio 3D · 17.4

Two pure-breeding plants, one tall and one dwarf, are crossed. Their offspring are then crossed with each other. Step through the generations.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Generations

GENERATION
TALL : DWARF

3. Pedigree diagrams 3D · 17.4

This family tree follows albinism, caused by a recessive allele (a). Squares are males, circles are females, and dark symbols are affected people. Click a person to work out their genotype.

click a person · drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Person

PERSON
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GENOTYPE
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4. The test cross 3D · 17.4Extended

Black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b). A black guinea pig could be BB or Bb. Cross it with a white one (bb) and look at the offspring to find out which.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Unknown parent

BLACK
0
WHITE
0

5. Codominance: ABO blood groups 3D · 17.4Extended

Blood group is controlled by three alleles: IA and IB are codominant, and Io is recessive to both. Each red blood cell shows the antigens its alleles code for. Choose the parents.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Parents

CHILDREN'S BLOOD GROUPS
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6. Sex linkage: red-green colour blindness 3D · 17.4Extended

The gene for red-green colour vision is on the X chromosome. The allele for normal vision (XB) is dominant to the allele for colour blindness (Xb). Choose the parents and look at their sons and daughters.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Parents

DAUGHTERS
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SONS
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Built for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610, Topic 17 (part 17.4). Chromosomes, mitosis and meiosis are in the previous lab. Models are simplified and not to scale.

About this lab: Monohybrid inheritance

Six interactive 3D simulations for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 topic 17.4 Monohybrid inheritance: Punnett squares for tall and dwarf pea plants with 200-seed trials, pure-breeding parents through F1 and F2 to the 3 : 1 ratio, a clickable pedigree for albinism, a test cross with a mystery guinea pig, codominance and ABO blood groups with antigens on red blood cells, and sex-linked red-green colour blindness with a colour vision test plate.

Six 3D simulations covering Topic 17.4 Monohybrid inheritance. Build Punnett squares, breed pea plants through two generations, work out genotypes in a family tree, solve a test cross, and follow blood groups and colour blindness. Tabs marked Extended cover the Supplement.

Monohybrid inheritance is a free, browser-based simulation for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (topic 17 Inheritance, section 17.4 Monohybrid inheritance). The course is assessed in Paper 1/2 (Multiple choice), Paper 3/4 (Theory), Paper 5 (Practical Test), Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical). Syllabus for examination in 2026-2028. There are 6 tabs, each a self-contained experiment with its own controls and live readings, and nothing to install: it runs on a laptop, tablet or classroom projector.

Syllabus coverage

Full syllabus map: IGCSE Biology 0610 topic 17.

How to use this simulation

  1. 1. Monohybrid crosses and Punnett squares. In pea plants the allele for tall (T) is dominant and the allele for dwarf (t) is recessive.
  2. 2. Pure-breeding and the 3 : 1 ratio. Two pure-breeding plants, one tall and one dwarf, are crossed.
  3. 3. Pedigree diagrams. This family tree follows albinism, caused by a recessive allele (a).
  4. 4. The test cross. Black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b).
  5. 5. Codominance: ABO blood groups. Blood group is controlled by three alleles: IA and IB are codominant, and Io is recessive to both.
  6. 6. Sex linkage: red-green colour blindness. The gene for red-green colour vision is on the X chromosome.
  7. The buttons at the end of the tab strip give the scene the whole window (Full screen, Hide controls) and, on a dark stage, a projector-friendly palette (Light scene). Many scenes also have drag handles: drag them to change the set-up directly.

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