‹ Biology simulationsBiology · AS Level 9700 · 8 Transport in mammalsSeven 3D simulations covering Topic 8.1 The circulatory system, 8.2 Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide and 8.3 The heart. Trace the double circulation, cut open vessels, form tissue fluid, load and unload haemoglobin, follow the chloride shift and play the cardiac cycle.
Blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit: once in the pulmonary circulation and once in the systemic circulation, always inside vessels. Click a vessel.
Each type of vessel has a structure suited to its job. Choose a vessel, then click its layers.
Click each type of blood cell. Water, the main part of plasma and tissue fluid, has properties that suit it to transport.
At the arterial end of a capillary, hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out; at the venous end, water returns by osmosis. Change the blood pressure.
Haemoglobin loads oxygen in the lungs and unloads it in respiring tissues. Change the partial pressure of oxygen and of carbon dioxide.
Most carbon dioxide travels as hydrogencarbonate ions, made inside red blood cells by carbonic anhydrase. Step through what happens in a capillary in a respiring tissue.
Explore the heart, then play the cardiac cycle with its pressure changes and the wave of excitation from the sinoatrial node.
Seven interactive 3D simulations for Cambridge AS Level Biology 9700 topic 8 Transport in mammals: the closed double circulation with the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta and vena cava, the layers of elastic and muscular arteries, veins and capillaries, red blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, tissue fluid formation, the oxygen dissociation curve and the Bohr shift, carbon dioxide transport with carbonic anhydrase and the chloride shift, and the heart with the cardiac cycle pressure graph, SAN, AVN and Purkyne tissue.
Seven 3D simulations covering Topic 8.1 The circulatory system, 8.2 Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide and 8.3 The heart. Trace the double circulation, cut open vessels, form tissue fluid, load and unload haemoglobin, follow the chloride shift and play the cardiac cycle.
Transport in mammals is a free, browser-based simulation for Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology 9700 (topic 8 Transport in mammals). The course is assessed in Paper 1 (Multiple choice), Paper 2 (AS structured), Paper 3 (Advanced practical), Paper 4 (A Level structured), Paper 5 (Planning, analysis, evaluation). Syllabus for examination in 2025-2027. There are 7 tabs, each a self-contained experiment with its own controls and live readings, and nothing to install: it runs on a laptop, tablet or classroom projector.
Full syllabus map: AS Level Biology 9700 topic 8.
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