‹ Biology simulationsBiology · AS Level 9700 · 6 Nucleic acids and protein synthesisSeven 3D simulations covering Topic 6.1 Structure of nucleic acids and replication of DNA and 6.2 Protein synthesis. Build nucleotides, unwind the helix, run a replication fork, transcribe and translate a gene, splice out introns and mutate a gene.
A nucleotide is a phosphate group, a pentose sugar and a nitrogen-containing base. Compare DNA and RNA nucleotides, the two types of base, and ATP.
Two antiparallel polynucleotide strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. Click a base pair, or unwind the helix into a ladder.
During the S phase the double helix unzips and each strand acts as a template. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5′ to 3′ direction, so one new strand is made continuously and the other in fragments.
RNA polymerase unwinds a gene and builds mRNA complementary to the template (transcribed) strand. Watch the mRNA grow and peel away.
At a ribosome, tRNA molecules with complementary anticodons bring amino acids to each codon of the mRNA, from the start codon to a stop codon.
In eukaryotes, the primary transcript contains non-coding introns. These are removed and the exons are joined to make the mRNA.
A gene mutation is a change in the sequence of base pairs. Make a substitution, a deletion or an insertion in the start of the β-globin gene and see how the polypeptide changes.
Seven interactive 3D simulations for Cambridge AS Level Biology 9700 topic 6 Nucleic acids and protein synthesis: DNA and RNA nucleotides, purines, pyrimidines and ATP, the antiparallel double helix with hydrogen bonds between A-T and C-G pairs, semi-conservative replication with leading and lagging strands, DNA polymerase and ligase, transcription by RNA polymerase from the template strand, translation with codons, tRNA anticodons and start and stop codons, removal of introns, and substitution, deletion and insertion mutations in the beta-globin gene.
Seven 3D simulations covering Topic 6.1 Structure of nucleic acids and replication of DNA and 6.2 Protein synthesis. Build nucleotides, unwind the helix, run a replication fork, transcribe and translate a gene, splice out introns and mutate a gene.
Nucleic acids and protein synthesis is a free, browser-based simulation for Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology 9700 (topic 6 Nucleic acids and protein synthesis). The course is assessed in Paper 1 (Multiple choice), Paper 2 (AS structured), Paper 3 (Advanced practical), Paper 4 (A Level structured), Paper 5 (Planning, analysis, evaluation). Syllabus for examination in 2025-2027. There are 7 tabs, each a self-contained experiment with its own controls and live readings, and nothing to install: it runs on a laptop, tablet or classroom projector.
Full syllabus map: AS Level Biology 9700 topic 6.
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