TheLucidSTEM‹ Chemistry simulationsChemistry · AS Level 9701 · 21 Organic synthesis
9701 AS Chemistry/ Topic 21 Organic synthesis/ 5 interactive simulations/ drag to rotate 3D scenes

Organic synthesis, made interactive

Five simulations covering Topic 21: spotting and naming the functional groups in a multi-group molecule in 3D, the AS reaction map with the reagents, conditions and type of reaction behind every arrow, a route builder where you choose each stage's reagent and watch the intermediate appear, working backwards from a target to the compound it could have been made from, and a reagents and conditions drill with a running score.

1. Spot the functional groups 3D · 21.1

The first step in any synthesis is reading the molecule. Each of these has two functional groups, and each group decides which reagents will react with it. Pick a molecule, then pick a group to light it up in gold and see what it is called and what it can do.

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Molecule

NAME AND FORMULA

Functional group

GROUP
NAMING CLUE
Exam point: name every group before you plan anything. Look for C=C, C-X, O-H, C=O, C≡N and N-H; the groups present tell you which reagents can attack the molecule and which parts will be left alone.

2. The AS reaction map 2D · 21.1

Every AS organic reaction is an arrow between two compound classes. Learn the map and a synthesis becomes a path-finding problem. Click a box to see the arrows that leave and reach it, or click an arrow (or its chip) to read the reagents, the conditions and the type of reaction.

Compound class

Arrows from it

Arrows into it

REACTION
REAGENTS
CONDITIONS
TYPE OF REACTION
CARBON CHAIN
Exam point: a full answer gives the reagent, the conditions (heat, reflux, catalyst, solvent) and the type of reaction. Reflux and distillation are not interchangeable: reflux drives a reaction to the end, distillation removes a product that would react further.

3. Build a route 3D · 21.1

Choose a set task, then pick the reagent and conditions for each stage in turn. A correct choice builds the next intermediate on the bench; a wrong one tells you what you would really have made. Most routes at this level are two or three steps.

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Set task

STAGE

Reagent and conditions

ROUTE SO FAR
Exam point: write each stage on its own line with the reagent, the conditions and the name of the intermediate. Check every step against the map before you commit to it.

4. Work it backwards 3D · 21.1

Retrosynthesis starts with the target and asks one question: what could this have been made from, in a single step? Find the functional group that is new, break the connection that formed it, and the starting material is whatever is left behind. Pick a target, then a precursor.

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Target molecule

What could it have been made from?

VERDICT
choose a precursor
Exam point: ask what is new in the target. A new C≡N means a halogenoalkane and cyanide; a new C=O means oxidation of an alcohol; a new ester means an acid and an alcohol. Then check the carbon count.

5. Reagents and conditions drill 2D · 21.1

Each question lights up one arrow on the map. Choose the reagent and conditions that make the change, or name the type of reaction. A wrong answer shows the right one and the reason, so every miss teaches you something.

SCORE
0 / 0
CURRENT STREAK
0
QUESTION
Questions mix two kinds: choosing the reagents and conditions for a change, and naming the type of reaction. The map on the left shows the change being asked about, with the starting class in gold and the product class in green.
TheLucidSTEM · Cambridge International AS Chemistry 9701 · Topic 21 Organic synthesis. Every scene runs in the browser; drag to rotate 3D scenes, wheel to zoom. Values are standard textbook data rounded for teaching.

About this lab: Organic synthesis

Five interactive simulations for Cambridge AS Level Chemistry 9701 topic 21 Organic synthesis: a 3D functional group spotter for molecules with two groups each, an interactive reaction map linking alkanes, alkenes, halogenoalkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles and amines with reagents and conditions for every arrow, a multi-step route builder that checks each reagent and shows the intermediate in 3D, a retrosynthesis tool that explains each disconnection, and a reagents and conditions drill with scoring.

Five simulations covering Topic 21: spotting and naming the functional groups in a multi-group molecule in 3D, the AS reaction map with the reagents, conditions and type of reaction behind every arrow, a route builder where you choose each stage's reagent and watch the intermediate appear, working backwards from a target to the compound it could have been made from, and a reagents and conditions drill with a running score.

Organic synthesis is a free, browser-based simulation for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701 (topic 21 Organic synthesis). The course is assessed in Paper 1 (Multiple Choice (AS)), Paper 2 (AS Structured), Paper 3 (Advanced Practical), Paper 4 (A Level Structured), Paper 5 (Planning, Analysis, Evaluation). Syllabus for examination in 2025-2027. There are 5 tabs, each a self-contained experiment with its own controls and live readings, and nothing to install: it runs on a laptop, tablet or classroom projector.

Syllabus coverage

Full syllabus map: AS Level Chemistry 9701 topic 21.

How to use this simulation

  1. 1. Spot the functional groups. The first step in any synthesis is reading the molecule.
  2. 2. The AS reaction map. Every AS organic reaction is an arrow between two compound classes.
  3. 3. Build a route. Choose a set task, then pick the reagent and conditions for each stage in turn.
  4. 4. Work it backwards. Retrosynthesis starts with the target and asks one question: what could this have been made from, in a single step?
  5. 5. Reagents and conditions drill. Each question lights up one arrow on the map.
  6. The buttons at the end of the tab strip give the scene the whole window (Full screen, Hide controls) and, on a dark stage, a projector-friendly palette (Light scene). Many scenes also have drag handles: drag them to change the set-up directly.

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