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0610 IGCSE Biology/Topic 16 Reproduction: asexual reproduction and reproduction in flowering plants/6 interactive simulations/drag to rotate the 3D models

Reproduction in plants, made interactive

Six 3D simulations covering Topic 16.1 Asexual reproduction, 16.2 Sexual reproduction and 16.3 Sexual reproduction in plants. Grow clones and varied offspring, take a flower apart, blow pollen in the wind, follow a bee and a pollen tube, and germinate seeds. Tabs marked Extended cover the Supplement.

1. Asexual and sexual reproduction 3D · 16.1-16.2

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring from one parent. Sexual reproduction fuses the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote, and the offspring are genetically different from each other. Grow a population each way, then let a disease strike.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Reproduce

PARENTS
SURVIVORS
-

2. An insect-pollinated flower 3D · 16.3

Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants. Click each part of the half-open flower, or pick it from the list, to see what it does.

click a part · drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Parts

3. Insect and wind pollination 3D · 16.3

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma. Flowers are adapted to the way their pollen is carried. Compare the two flowers and their pollen grains, then let the wind blow.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Compare

insectwind
petalslarge, coloured, scented, nectarsmall, green or absent
anthersinside the flowerhang outside on long filaments
stigmasinside, stickyoutside, large and feathery
pollenlarger, sticky or spiky, less madesmall, light, smooth, huge amounts

4. Self- and cross-pollination 3D · 16.3Extended

A bee carries pollen from flower to flower. Self-pollination moves pollen to a flower on the same plant; cross-pollination moves it to a different plant of the same species. Send the bee, then look at the offspring.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Pollination

STAGE
waiting
OFFSPRING VARIATION
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5. The pollen tube and fertilisation 3D · 16.3Extended

After pollination, a pollen tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to an ovule. Fertilisation happens when a pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in the ovule.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Carpel (cut open)

STAGE
waiting
NUCLEI
-

6. Conditions for germination 3D · 16.3

Seeds need water, oxygen and a suitable temperature to germinate. Four tubes of seeds are set up, each missing one condition except the control. Change the temperature of tube A and leave them for five days.

drag to rotate · wheel to zoom

Experiment

tubeconditionsgerminated
Built for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610, Topic 16 (parts 16.1 to 16.3). Human reproduction is in the next lab. Models are simplified and not to scale.

About this lab: Reproduction in plants

Six interactive 3D simulations for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 topic 16 Reproduction, plants: asexual reproduction by runners against sexual reproduction with a disease test, a clickable insect-pollinated flower, insect and wind-pollinated flowers and their pollen grains, self- and cross-pollination by a bee, the pollen tube and fertilisation, and the conditions needed for seeds to germinate.

Six 3D simulations covering Topic 16.1 Asexual reproduction, 16.2 Sexual reproduction and 16.3 Sexual reproduction in plants. Grow clones and varied offspring, take a flower apart, blow pollen in the wind, follow a bee and a pollen tube, and germinate seeds. Tabs marked Extended cover the Supplement.

Reproduction in plants is a free, browser-based simulation for Cambridge IGCSE Biology 0610 (topic 16 Reproduction, sections 16.1 Asexual reproduction, 16.2 Sexual reproduction, 16.3 Sexual reproduction in plants). The course is assessed in Paper 1/2 (Multiple choice), Paper 3/4 (Theory), Paper 5 (Practical Test), Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical). Syllabus for examination in 2026-2028. There are 6 tabs, each a self-contained experiment with its own controls and live readings, and nothing to install: it runs on a laptop, tablet or classroom projector.

Syllabus coverage

Full syllabus map: IGCSE Biology 0610 topic 16.

How to use this simulation

  1. 1. Asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring from one parent.
  2. 2. An insect-pollinated flower. Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants.
  3. 3. Insect and wind pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma.
  4. 4. Self- and cross-pollination. A bee carries pollen from flower to flower.
  5. 5. The pollen tube and fertilisation. After pollination, a pollen tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to an ovule.
  6. 6. Conditions for germination. Seeds need water, oxygen and a suitable temperature to germinate.
  7. The buttons at the end of the tab strip give the scene the whole window (Full screen, Hide controls) and, on a dark stage, a projector-friendly palette (Light scene). Many scenes also have drag handles: drag them to change the set-up directly.

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