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Core · Practice questions · Isotopes

Spot the isotope.

Six original Cambridge-style questions on isotopes: the definition, picking isotopes from a list, counting neutrons, and why they share the same chemistry.

Original questions All questions on this page are original work, written in the Cambridge IGCSE style. They are not from past papers. They test the same concepts and skills the syllabus rewards.
What the examiner wants

Same protons, different neutrons.

01
Recall
[2 marks]

Define the word isotope.

  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same proton number). ✓
  • They have different numbers of neutrons (different nucleon number). ✓
02
Application
[2 marks]

Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon (proton number 6). State the number of neutrons in each.

  • Carbon-12: 12 - 6 = 6 neutrons. ✓
  • Carbon-14: 14 - 6 = 8 neutrons. ✓
03
Analysis
[2 marks]

Three atoms have these proton and nucleon numbers: atom J (proton 8, nucleon 16), atom K (proton 8, nucleon 18), atom L (proton 7, nucleon 15). State which two are isotopes of each other and explain how you can tell.

  • J and K are isotopes of each other. ✓
  • They have the same proton number (8), so they are the same element, but different nucleon numbers. ✓
04
Application
[2 marks]

Explain why two isotopes of the same element react in exactly the same way chemically.

  • Chemical behaviour depends on the electrons. ✓
  • Isotopes have the same number of protons, so the same number of electrons, so the same chemistry. ✓
05
Analysis
[2 marks]

State one physical property that is different between two isotopes of an element, and explain the cause.

  • Their mass is different. ✓
  • This is because one isotope has more neutrons, giving it a larger nucleon number. ✓
06
Application
[2 marks]

A student says that adding a neutron to a carbon atom turns it into a different element. Explain why this is wrong.

  • The element is decided by the proton number, not the neutron number. ✓
  • Adding a neutron keeps the proton number at 6, so it is still carbon, just a heavier isotope. ✓

Mark this once you have attempted all six and checked your working. It records a Practiced badge on the topic and adds a one-time bonus. Revealing the solutions alone does not count.