IGCSE 0625 / Section 5.1.2 / Core

Counting the nucleus.

Two small numbers beside an element symbol tell you everything about its nucleus: how many protons it has, and how many particles in total. From those, the rest follows by subtraction.

The key idea

A nuclide is written with the nucleon number on top and the proton number below, before the element symbol. The proton number is the number of protons, the number of neutrons is the nucleon number minus the proton number, and in a neutral atom the electrons equal the protons.

Definition · learn the exact words

The proton number (Z) is the number of protons; the nucleon number (A) is the number of protons plus neutrons. A nuclide is written with A on top and Z below, before the symbol.

number of neutrons = A − Z

In a neutral atom the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

Section 01

Read the numbers.

Change the proton and neutron counts and watch the nuclide notation update.

Stage 1 · Learn

Check nuclide notation

Four quick checks. Each correct answer earns XP and lights this skill on your star map.

Quick check+10 XP

The proton number of an atom is...

Quick check+10 XP

The nucleon number is...

Quick check+10 XP

The number of neutrons in a nucleus is...

Quick check+10 XP

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of...

Section 02

Count from the notation.

The two numbers give the protons and the total, and neutrons follow by subtraction.

Worked example

An atom has nucleon number 23 and proton number 11. Find the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Protons= proton number = 11
Neutrons= A − Z = 23 − 11 = 12
Electrons= protons (neutral atom) = 11
Examiner trap

The bottom number is the proton number Z and the top number is the nucleon number A. The neutron number is not written directly. Find it by subtracting: neutrons = A minus Z.

Stage 2 · Exam

Exam-style questions

Unlocks once the four checks above are done. Worth more XP, written in the style of Paper 2.

Finish the four checks above to unlock the exam questions
Exam style+20 XP

An aluminium atom has nucleon number 27 and proton number 13. Its number of neutrons is...

Exam style+20 XP

A nucleus has 11 protons and a nucleon number of 23. The number of neutrons is...

Exam style+20 XP

A neutral atom has 8 protons. The number of electrons it has is...

Skill unlocked

Nuclide notation, mastered.

Nuclide notation is mapped. Keep the chain going.

-Rank -Level -Score -Topics
Go deeper · practice
Six original Cambridge-style questions
Proton and nucleon numbers, nuclide notation, and counting protons, neutrons and electrons. Attempt each, then reveal the worked solution.
Stage 3 · master the unit
Nuclear physics challenge
Mixed questions across the whole unit, each one worth XP. Start this only when you feel confident across every topic in the unit, not just nuclide notation.
Start the unit challenge →