Core · Practice questions · Electric charge

Charge, electrons, and force.

Six original Cambridge-style questions on electric charge: the like and unlike rule, charging by friction in terms of electrons, conductors and insulators, and why a charged rod attracts uncharged paper.

Original questions All questions on this page are original work, written in the Cambridge IGCSE style. They are not from past papers. They test the same concepts and skills the syllabus rewards.
The ideas that earn the marks

Only electrons move.

01
Recall
[2 marks]

State what happens to the force between each pair of charges.

(a) Two negatively charged spheres.
(b) A positively charged sphere and a negatively charged sphere.

(a) They repel. ✓

(b) They attract. ✓

like repel, unlike attract

02
Analysis
[3 marks]

An acetate rod is rubbed with a dry cloth and becomes positively charged. Explain, in terms of electrons, why the rod becomes positive and state the charge left on the cloth.

  • The rod loses electrons to the cloth. ✓
  • Having lost negative electrons, the rod is left positively charged. ✓
  • The cloth gains those electrons, so it becomes negatively charged. ✓
03
Analysis
[2 marks]

A student says, "When you rub a balloon it gains positive charge, and some of that charge then flows away through the air." Identify the two errors in this statement.

  • Charge is gained by transferring electrons, not by gaining positive charge; only electrons move. ✓
  • Air is an insulator, so the charge does not flow away through it; that is why the balloon stays charged. ✓
04
Recall
[2 marks]

Sort the following into conductors and insulators: copper, plastic, graphite, rubber.

Conductors: copper, graphite. ✓

Insulators: plastic, rubber. ✓

05
Analysis
[3 marks]

A negatively charged rod is held near small pieces of uncharged paper, and the paper jumps up to the rod. The rod is not touching the paper.

Explain why the uncharged paper is attracted.

  • The negative rod repels electrons in the paper, pushing them to the far side. ✓
  • This leaves the near side of the paper positively charged (an induced charge). ✓
  • The near positive side is closer to the rod than the far negative side, so the attraction wins and the paper is pulled in. ✓
06
Analysis
[3 marks]

Two light balls hang side by side on insulating threads. A charged rod is used to give both balls a negative charge, and they swing apart and stay apart.

(a) State why the balls swing apart.
(b) A third ball, known to be uncharged, is brought near one of them. State and explain what is observed.

(a) Both balls carry the same (negative) charge, and like charges repel. ✓

(b) The charged ball attracts the uncharged ball, by inducing an opposite charge on its near side. ✓✓

Mark this once you have attempted all six and checked your working. It records a Practiced badge on the topic and adds a one-time bonus. Revealing the solutions alone does not count.