IGCSE 0625 / Section 1.7 / Extended
Supplement (Extended) content

Speed counts twice.

A car at 60 km/h does not carry twice the energy of one at 30 km/h, it carries four times as much. That is why stopping distances grow so sharply with speed. Kinetic energy depends on the square of the speed, so small increases in speed mean large jumps in energy.

The key idea

Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object: KE = ½mv², measured in joules. The velocity is squared, so doubling the speed multiplies the kinetic energy by four, not two.

Definition · learn the exact words

Kinetic energy is the energy a body has because of its motion: half the mass multiplied by the speed squared.

KE = ½ m v²  (unit: joule, J)

The speed is squared, so doubling the speed multiplies the kinetic energy by four.

Section 01

Push the speed, watch energy leap.

Change the mass and the speed and read the kinetic energy. Notice how a small rise in speed sends the energy up far more steeply than the same rise in mass.

Stage 1 · Learn

Check kinetic energy

Four quick checks on the equation and the square-of-speed effect. Each correct answer earns XP and lights this skill on your star map.

Quick check+10 XP

Kinetic energy is calculated using the equation...

Quick check+10 XP

In KE = ½ m v², doubling the speed multiplies the kinetic energy by...

Quick check+10 XP

Kinetic energy is measured in...

Quick check+10 XP

The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on...

Section 02

Why the square matters.

The defining equation, and the form rearranged for speed:

KE = ½ m v²  (mass in kg, speed in m/s, energy in J)
v = √(2 × KE ÷ m)
Worked example

A 1500 kg car travels at 8.0 m/s. Find its kinetic energy.

Step 1 · Write the equationKE = ½ m v²
Step 2 · SubstituteKE = ½ × 1500 × 8.0² = ½ × 1500 × 64
Step 3 · AnswerKE = 48000 J = 48 kJ
Examiner trap

Square the speed before multiplying, and do it first. A common slip is to work out ½mv and forget the square, or to square the whole expression. Only the speed is squared. Because of that square, doubling the speed multiplies the kinetic energy by four, and tripling it multiplies the energy by nine.

Stage 2 · Exam

Exam-style questions

Unlocks once the four checks above are done. Worth more XP, written in the style of Paper 2.

Finish the four checks above to unlock the exam questions
Exam style+20 XP

A 2.0 kg ball moves at 3.0 m/s. Its kinetic energy is...

Exam style+20 XP

A car has 20 kJ of kinetic energy at 10 m/s. At 20 m/s, with the same mass, its kinetic energy is...

Exam style+20 XP

A 0.50 kg ball has 25 J of kinetic energy. Its speed is...

Skill unlocked

Kinetic energy, mastered.

This skill is now lit gold on your star map. Keep the chain going.

-Rank -Level -Score -Topics
Go deeper · practice
Six original Cambridge-style questions
The KE = half m v squared relationship, the square-of-speed effect, and calculations for energy, speed and mass. Attempt each, then reveal the worked solution.
Stage 3 · master the unit
Motion, forces and energy challenge
Mixed questions across the whole unit, each one worth XP. Start this only when you feel confident across every topic in the unit, not just kinetic energy.
Start the unit challenge →