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Core · Practice questions · Alpha, beta and gamma

Nature, ionising, penetration.

Six original Cambridge-style questions on the three radiations: what they are, their charges, their ionising and penetrating order, and identifying them from absorber experiments.

Original questions All questions on this page are original work, written in the Cambridge IGCSE style. They are not from past papers. They test the same concepts and skills the syllabus rewards.
What the examiner wants

Know each one, and what stops it.

01
Recall
[3 marks]

State the nature of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.

  • Alpha is a helium nucleus (two protons and two neutrons). ✓
  • Beta is a fast-moving electron from the nucleus. ✓
  • Gamma is a high-frequency electromagnetic wave. ✓
02
Recall
[3 marks]

State the charge on each of the three types of radiation.

  • Alpha: charge +2. ✓
  • Beta: charge -1. ✓
  • Gamma: no charge. ✓
03
Recall
[3 marks]

State what material is needed to stop, or greatly reduce, each type of radiation.

  • Alpha is stopped by a sheet of paper (or a few cm of air). ✓
  • Beta is stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium. ✓
  • Gamma is only greatly reduced by thick lead or concrete. ✓
04
Application
[2 marks]

A source is unaffected by paper but is completely stopped by 3 mm of aluminium. Identify the radiation and give your reason.

  • It is beta. ✓
  • Paper does not stop it (so not alpha), but aluminium does stop it completely (so not gamma). ✓
05
Recall
[2 marks]

Put the three radiations in order of ionising power, and in order of penetrating power. State the link between the two.

  • Ionising: alpha > beta > gamma. Penetration: gamma > beta > alpha. ✓
  • The more strongly ionising a radiation is, the less it penetrates. ✓
06
Application
[2 marks]

Explain why alpha radiation is fairly harmless outside the body but very dangerous if a source is breathed in.

  • Outside the body it is stopped by skin (or air), so it does little harm. ✓
  • Inside the body it is very strongly ionising, damaging cells directly. ✓

Mark this once you have attempted all six and checked your working. It records a Practiced badge on the topic and adds a one-time bonus. Revealing the solutions alone does not count.