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Extended · Practice questions · Elliptical orbits
Supplement (Extended) content

Energy on an ellipse.

Six original Cambridge-style questions on elliptical orbits: where a comet is fastest, the energy swap, and conservation of energy.

Original questions All questions on this page are original work, written in the Cambridge IGCSE style. They are not from past papers. They test the same concepts and skills the syllabus rewards.
What the examiner wants

Close means fast.

01
Recall
[2 marks]

Describe the shape of a comet's orbit and state where the Sun is in it.

  • A very stretched ellipse. ✓
  • The Sun is at one focus of the ellipse. ✓
02
Recall
[2 marks]

State where in its orbit a comet moves fastest, and where it moves slowest.

  • Fastest when closest to the Sun. ✓
  • Slowest when furthest from the Sun. ✓
03
Analysis
[3 marks]

As a comet moves away from the Sun, describe what happens to its kinetic energy, its gravitational potential energy, and its total energy.

  • Kinetic energy decreases (it slows down). ✓
  • Gravitational potential energy increases. ✓
  • Total energy stays the same. ✓
04
Analysis
[2 marks]

Explain, using energy, why a comet speeds up as it approaches the Sun.

  • Its gravitational potential energy decreases as it gets closer. ✓
  • That energy becomes kinetic energy, so its speed increases (total energy is conserved). ✓
05
Application
[2 marks]

At which point in its orbit does a comet have the greatest kinetic energy, and at which point the greatest gravitational potential energy?

  • Greatest kinetic energy at the closest point to the Sun. ✓
  • Greatest gravitational potential energy at the furthest point. ✓
06
Application
[2 marks]

A student says the comet must be gaining energy from somewhere to speed up near the Sun. Explain why this is not correct.

  • The total energy does not change. ✓
  • The comet simply converts gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy. ✓

Mark this once you have attempted all six and checked your working. It records a Practiced badge on the topic and adds a one-time bonus. Revealing the solutions alone does not count.