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Thermodynamics

Internal energy as the sum of molecular energies, the first law on a loaded piston with its sign convention, changes of state through the first law, and a cycle on the p-V diagram

A Level Physics 9702 · 16 Thermodynamics

About this lab: Thermodynamics

Internal energy as the sum of the random kinetic and potential energies of the molecules, with an ideal gas whose U follows temperature alone whatever the pressure and a block of ice whose U rises by 334 kJ while its temperature does not move, the first law on a loaded piston for constant pressure, constant volume, constant temperature and adiabatic changes with q, W and ΔU as a live ledger and the work as the area on the p-V diagram in either sign convention, boiling and melting through the first law, and a closed cycle whose net work is the enclosed area.

Internal energy as the sum of molecular energies, the first law on a loaded piston with its sign convention, changes of state through the first law, and a cycle on the p-V diagram

Thermodynamics is a free, browser-based simulation for Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics 9702 (topic 16 Thermodynamics). The course is assessed in Paper 1 (multiple choice), Paper 2 (AS structured), Paper 3 (advanced practical), Paper 4 (A Level structured) and Paper 5 (planning, analysis and evaluation). There are 4 tabs, each a self-contained experiment with its own controls and live readings, and nothing to install: it runs on a laptop, tablet or classroom projector.

Syllabus coverage

Full syllabus map: A Level Physics 9702 topic 16.

How to use this simulation

  1. 1. Internal energy.
  2. 2. The first law.
  3. 3. Change of state.
  4. 4. A cycle (beyond the syllabus).
  5. The buttons at the end of the tab strip give the scene the whole window (Full screen, Hide controls) and, on a dark stage, a projector-friendly palette (Light scene). Many scenes also have drag handles: drag them to change the set-up directly.

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