IGCSE 0625 / Section 4.4 / Core

Live, neutral, earth.

Three wires run into most mains appliances, each with a job and a colour. Two carry the working current; the third does nothing at all until something goes wrong, and then it saves a life.

The key idea

The mains supply uses a live wire (brown), a neutral wire (blue) and an earth wire (green and yellow). A fuse or trip switch in the live wire breaks the circuit if too large a current flows, and the earth wire keeps a metal case safe if a fault makes it live.

Definition · learn the exact words

The mains has a live wire (brown) that carries the supply, a neutral wire (blue) that completes the circuit, and an earth wire (green and yellow) for safety. A fuse or trip switch in the live wire breaks the circuit if the current is too large.

fuse and switch go in the live wire

The earth wire carries fault current safely away if the metal case becomes live, blowing the fuse.

Section 01

Wire it up safely.

Connect the live, neutral and earth to their correct terminals and see how a fault is made safe.

Stage 1 · Learn

Check mains circuit

Four quick checks. Each correct answer earns XP and lights this skill on your star map.

Quick check+10 XP

The live wire in a UK-style mains cable is coloured...

Quick check+10 XP

The earth wire is coloured...

Quick check+10 XP

A fuse should be placed in the...

Quick check+10 XP

The earth wire protects against...

Section 02

How the fault is made safe.

If a fault makes the case live, the earth wire gives the current a safe path and the fuse blows.

Examiner trap

The fuse and switch go in the live wire, so the appliance is cut off from the supply when they break. The earth wire (green and yellow) connects the metal case to earth, so a fault current flows safely away and blows the fuse.

Stage 2 · Exam

Exam-style questions

Unlocks once the four checks above are done. Worth more XP, written in the style of Paper 2.

Finish the four checks above to unlock the exam questions
Exam style+20 XP

A fault connects the live wire to the metal case of an appliance. With the case earthed, a large current flows and...

Exam style+20 XP

An appliance normally draws a current of 3.0 A. The most suitable fuse from those available is...

Exam style+20 XP

A plastic-cased appliance is double insulated. It does not need an earth wire because...

Skill unlocked

Mains circuit, mastered.

The mains circuit completes the electrical safety strand. Keep the chain going.

-Rank -Level -Score -Topics
Go deeper · practice
Six original Cambridge-style questions
The live, neutral and earth wires, the fuse in the live wire, and how earthing makes a fault safe. Attempt each, then reveal the worked solution.
Stage 3 · master the unit
Electricity and magnetism challenge
Mixed questions across the whole unit, each one worth XP. Start this only when you feel confident across every topic in the unit, not just mains circuit.
Start the unit challenge →