IGCSE 0625 / Section 3.3 / Extended
Supplement (Extended) content

Smooth, or stepped.

A microphone makes a smooth, ever changing voltage. A computer prefers a stream of ones and zeros. Both pick up noise as they travel, but only one of them can be cleaned up perfectly at the far end.

The key idea

An analogue signal varies continuously and can take any value, while a digital signal is only highs and lows, ones and zeros. Because each part of a digital signal is read as a 1 or a 0 at a threshold, the noise it picks up can be stripped off and a clean copy regenerated, which analogue cannot match.

Definition · learn the exact words

An analogue signal varies continuously and can take any value; a digital signal is a series of discrete highs and lows, ones and zeros. The benefit of digital is that the signal can be regenerated, removing the noise added along the way.

digital = highs and lows, read at a threshold and rebuilt

Both types pick up noise. Only a digital signal can be regenerated free of it.

Section 01

Add noise to each signal.

Turn up the noise and watch the analogue trace get permanently messy while the digital one is cleaned at the threshold and rebuilt.

Stage 1 · Learn

Check digital analogue

Four quick checks. Each correct answer earns XP and lights this skill on your star map.

Quick check+10 XP

An analogue signal is one that...

Quick check+10 XP

A digital signal is made up of...

Quick check+10 XP

The main benefit of sending information as a digital signal is that it can be...

Quick check+10 XP

Which type of signal can be cleaned of noise and rebuilt exactly?

Section 02

Why digital wins over distance.

Both signals collect noise, but a digital signal can be regenerated, so it stays accurate over long distances.

Analogue signalDigital signal
Varies smoothly and can take any valueOnly two levels, 1 or 0
Noise blends in and cannot be fully removedRead at a threshold, so noise is removed and the signal regenerated
Quality degrades over long distancesStays accurate, the clean signal is rebuilt at each stage
Examiner trap

Both analogue and digital signals pick up noise as they travel. The advantage of digital is not that it avoids noise, but that, being only highs and lows, it can be regenerated cleanly at a threshold. Analogue noise blends into the signal and cannot be fully removed.

Stage 2 · Exam

Exam-style questions

Unlocks once the four checks above are done. Worth more XP, written in the style of Paper 2.

Finish the four checks above to unlock the exam questions
Exam style+20 XP

Over a long cable both signals gain noise. A digital signal still arrives accurately because it can be...

Exam style+20 XP

Which is an example of an analogue signal?

Exam style+20 XP

Why can analogue noise not be fully removed at the far end?

Skill unlocked

Digital analogue, mastered.

Digital and analogue complete the EM strand. Keep the chain going.

-Rank -Level -Score -Topics
Go deeper · practice
Six original Cambridge-style questions
Analogue versus digital signals and the benefit of digital signalling, that the signal can be regenerated free of noise. Attempt each, then reveal the worked solution.
Stage 3 · master the unit
Waves challenge
Mixed questions across the whole unit, each one worth XP. Start this only when you feel confident across every topic in the unit, not just digital analogue.
Start the unit challenge →