IGCSE 0625 / Section 5.2.1 / Core

The radiation that is always there.

A radiation detector never reads zero, even with no source in sight. A faint, constant patter of clicks comes from the rocks, the air, the food we eat, and the sky. This is background radiation.

The key idea

Background radiation is the low level of ionising radiation always around us, from natural sources such as radon gas, rocks, cosmic rays and food, and from artificial sources such as medical uses. It is detected with a Geiger-Muller tube, and its count must be subtracted when measuring a source.

Definition · learn the exact words

Background radiation is the ionising radiation that is present everywhere, from natural and artificial sources, even with no source deliberately nearby.

detected and measured with a Geiger-Muller tube

Natural sources include radon gas, rocks and soil, cosmic rays and food. Artificial sources include medical uses.

Section 01

Measure the background.

See the steady count from background radiation and how a nearby source adds to it.

Stage 1 · Learn

Check background radiation

Four quick checks. Each correct answer earns XP and lights this skill on your star map.

Quick check+10 XP

Background radiation is...

Quick check+10 XP

Which is a natural source of background radiation?

Quick check+10 XP

Background radiation is detected using a...

Quick check+10 XP

When measuring the count rate of a source, you should first...

Section 02

Where it comes from.

Most background radiation is natural, with a smaller artificial contribution.

Examiner trap

Background radiation is present everywhere, so when measuring a source you must subtract the background count rate to get the true reading. For most people the largest natural contributor is radon gas.

Stage 2 · Exam

Exam-style questions

Unlocks once the four checks above are done. Worth more XP, written in the style of Paper 2.

Finish the four checks above to unlock the exam questions
Exam style+20 XP

Which of these is an artificial source of background radiation?

Exam style+20 XP

A detector reads 30 counts per minute with a source present and 6 counts per minute with no source. The count rate due to the source alone is...

Exam style+20 XP

Cosmic rays are a source of background radiation that come from...

Skill unlocked

Background radiation, mastered.

Background radiation is mapped. Keep the chain going.

-Rank -Level -Score -Topics
Go deeper · practice
Six original Cambridge-style questions
Background radiation, its natural and artificial sources, detection with a Geiger-Muller tube, and subtracting the background count. Attempt each, then reveal the worked solution.
Stage 3 · master the unit
Nuclear physics challenge
Mixed questions across the whole unit, each one worth XP. Start this only when you feel confident across every topic in the unit, not just background radiation.
Start the unit challenge →