IGCSE 0625 / Section 5.1.2 / Extended
Supplement (Extended) content

Splitting, and joining.

Two opposite tricks unlock the energy of the nucleus. Break a heavy nucleus apart and energy pours out, the engine of a reactor. Force light nuclei together and even more is released, the fire that lights the Sun.

The key idea

Nuclear fission splits a large nucleus into smaller ones, releasing energy and neutrons that can trigger a chain reaction, the process in nuclear reactors. Nuclear fusion joins light nuclei into a heavier one, releasing energy, the process that powers the Sun and stars.

Definition · learn the exact words

Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller nuclei, releasing energy and neutrons. Nuclear fusion is the joining of light nuclei into a heavier one, releasing energy.

fission: splits heavy nuclei · fusion: joins light nuclei

The released neutrons from fission can cause further fission, a chain reaction. Fusion powers the Sun.

Section 01

Split it, or join it.

Trigger a fission split and a fusion join, and watch the energy released by each.

Stage 1 · Learn

Check fission and fusion

Four quick checks. Each correct answer earns XP and lights this skill on your star map.

Quick check+10 XP

Nuclear fission is the...

Quick check+10 XP

Nuclear fusion is the...

Quick check+10 XP

The process that releases the energy of the Sun is...

Quick check+10 XP

In fission, the neutrons released can go on to cause...

Section 02

Opposite paths, same release.

One breaks heavy nuclei apart, the other forces light nuclei together, and both give out energy.

FissionFusion
Splits a large (heavy) nucleusJoins light nuclei together
Releases energy and neutronsReleases energy
Neutrons can cause a chain reactionNeeds very high temperature and pressure
Used in nuclear reactorsPowers the Sun and stars
Examiner trap

Fission splits a heavy nucleus while fusion joins light nuclei, the opposite processes, yet both release energy. Fusion needs extreme temperatures and pressures, which is why it happens in stars but is hard to achieve on Earth.

Stage 2 · Exam

Exam-style questions

Unlocks once the four checks above are done. Worth more XP, written in the style of Paper 2.

Finish the four checks above to unlock the exam questions
Exam style+20 XP

Which process joins light nuclei and releases energy?

Exam style+20 XP

A large uranium nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei and releases neutrons. This is...

Exam style+20 XP

Why is nuclear fusion difficult to achieve on Earth?

Skill unlocked

Fission and fusion, mastered.

Fission and fusion complete the atom strand. Keep the chain going.

-Rank -Level -Score -Topics
Go deeper · practice
Six original Cambridge-style questions
Fission as splitting heavy nuclei, fusion as joining light nuclei, the chain reaction, and what powers the Sun. Attempt each, then reveal the worked solution.
Stage 3 · master the unit
Nuclear physics challenge
Mixed questions across the whole unit, each one worth XP. Start this only when you feel confident across every topic in the unit, not just fission and fusion.
Start the unit challenge →