IGCSE 0625 / Section 4.5.2 / Core

Spinning out electricity.

Turn a coil between the poles of a magnet and induction does the rest, pumping out a voltage that rises, falls, reverses and rises again. Every power station in the world is, at heart, this spinning loop.

The key idea

An a.c. generator spins a coil in a magnetic field, inducing an alternating e.m.f. Slip rings keep the coil connected to the circuit as it turns. The e.m.f. is greatest when the coil sides cut the field fastest and zero when they move along the field, giving a sine-shaped output.

Definition · learn the exact words

An a.c. generator rotates a coil in a magnetic field. As the coil turns it cuts field lines and induces an alternating e.m.f.. Slip rings and brushes connect the coil to the external circuit.

one full rotation = one complete cycle of a.c.

The e.m.f. is greatest when the coil cuts the field fastest and zero when the coil moves along the field lines.

Section 01

Turn the coil, read the output.

Rotate the coil and watch the alternating e.m.f. trace out its sine shape.

Stage 1 · Learn

Check ac generator

Four quick checks. Each correct answer earns XP and lights this skill on your star map.

Quick check+10 XP

An a.c. generator connects its rotating coil to the circuit using...

Quick check+10 XP

As the coil of an a.c. generator turns, it induces...

Quick check+10 XP

One full rotation of the coil produces...

Quick check+10 XP

The induced e.m.f. is greatest when the coil is...

Section 02

Why the output alternates.

As the coil turns, the sides cut the field first one way then the other, so the e.m.f. reverses each half turn.

Examiner trap

An a.c. generator uses slip rings, not a split-ring commutator. The induced e.m.f. is greatest when the coil is moving fastest across the field lines, and falls to zero twice per turn as the coil moves along them.

Stage 2 · Exam

Exam-style questions

Unlocks once the four checks above are done. Worth more XP, written in the style of Paper 2.

Finish the four checks above to unlock the exam questions
Exam style+20 XP

How does an a.c. generator differ from a d.c. motor in the way the coil connects to the circuit?

Exam style+20 XP

The output e.m.f. of an a.c. generator is momentarily zero when the coil is...

Exam style+20 XP

If the coil of an a.c. generator is spun faster, the output e.m.f. becomes...

Skill unlocked

Ac generator, mastered.

The a.c. generator is mapped. Keep the chain going.

-Rank -Level -Score -Topics
Go deeper · practice
Six original Cambridge-style questions
The rotating coil, slip rings, the alternating output, and when the e.m.f. is greatest or zero. Attempt each, then reveal the worked solution.
Stage 3 · master the unit
Electricity and magnetism challenge
Mixed questions across the whole unit, each one worth XP. Start this only when you feel confident across every topic in the unit, not just ac generator.
Start the unit challenge →