IGCSE 0625 / Section 1.5 / Core

When the pushing wins.

A single object usually has several forces acting on it at once. Gravity pulls it down, the floor pushes it up, an engine drives it forward, and friction drags it back. The single force that has the same effect as all of these combined is called the resultant force.

The key idea

If forces are balanced, the resultant force is zero, and the object stays at rest or continues at a steady speed in a straight line. If forces are unbalanced, the resultant force is not zero, and the object accelerates.

Definition · learn the exact words

The resultant force is the single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting on an object.

balanced forces ⇒ resultant = 0

A non-zero resultant force always produces an acceleration in its own direction.

Section 01

Add the arrows, find the winner.

Set the forces acting on the block and read off the resultant. When the arrows cancel, the resultant is zero and the motion does not change. When one side wins, the block accelerates that way.

Stage 1 · Learn

Check the idea of a resultant

Four quick checks on combining forces and what a resultant does. Each correct answer earns XP and lights this skill on your star map.

Quick check+10 XP

The resultant force on an object is...

Quick check+10 XP

A box is pushed right with 10 N while friction pushes left with 4 N. The resultant force is...

Quick check+10 XP

If the resultant force on a moving object is zero, the object...

Quick check+10 XP

An unbalanced (non-zero) resultant force always causes...

Section 02

Combining forces on a line.

When forces act along the same straight line, add those pointing one way and subtract those pointing the other. The resultant points in the direction of the larger total, and its size is the difference.

Worked example

A block is pulled to the right by a force of 12 N, while friction of 4 N acts to the left. Find the resultant force and state the resulting motion.

Step 1 · Identify the forces on the line12 N to the right, and 4 N to the left.
Step 2 · Subtract opposing forcesresultant = 12 − 4 = 8 N
Step 3 · AnswerThe resultant is 8 N to the right. Because it is not zero, the block accelerates to the right.
Examiner trap

The greatest trap is believing an object needs a forward resultant force just to keep moving. It does not. A car cruising at a steady 30 m/s has a resultant force of zero, because the engine push balances the air resistance. A forward resultant force is only needed to accelerate and change the speed, not to maintain it.

Stage 2 · Exam

Exam-style questions

Unlocks once the four checks above are done. Worth more XP, written in the style of Paper 1.

Finish the four checks above to unlock the exam questions
Exam style+20 XP

Two forces act on a trolley along the same straight line: 18 N forward and 11 N backward. The resultant force is...

Exam style+20 XP

A car travels along a straight, level road at a steady 25 m/s. The resultant force on it is...

Exam style+20 XP

A resultant force acts on a moving object in the direction opposite to its motion. The object will...

Skill unlocked

Resultant forces, mastered.

This skill is now lit gold on your star map. Keep the chain going.

-Rank -Level -Score -Topics
Go deeper · practice
Six original Cambridge-style questions
The meaning of a resultant force, combining forces along a line, balanced versus unbalanced forces, and the effect of a zero or non-zero resultant on motion. Attempt each, then reveal the worked solution.
Stage 3 · master the unit
Motion, forces and energy challenge
Mixed questions across the whole unit, each one worth XP. Start this only when you feel confident across every topic in the unit, not just resultant forces.
Start the unit challenge →